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Background Reading

To prepare for the workshop, we recommend reading the following foundational publications. These papers track the evolution of the HPO from its inception to its current role as a global standard.


  • The Original HPO Article


    The Human Phenotype Ontology: a tool for annotating and analyzing human hereditary disease.

    PMID: 18950739

  • Phenopacket Schema


    The GA4GH Phenopacket schema defines a computable representation of clinical data

    PMID: 24217912

  • Exomiser


    Next-generation diagnostics and disease-gene discovery with the Exomiser


    PMID: 27899602

  • GPSEA


    GA4GH phenopacket-driven characterization of genotype-phenotype correlations in Mendelian disorders


    PMID: 33264411


More information about the HPO

Vist the HPO Documentation site for detailed information about many of the topics we will discuss in the workshop.

Next Module: Ontologies